中药结肠透析对慢性重型肝炎患者肝功能及预后的影响

目的探讨中药结肠透析对慢性重型肝炎患者肝功能及预后的影响。方法选择2015年4月-2018年6月收治的慢性重型肝炎患者共80例,随机分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。对照组给予综合治疗,观察组给予中药结肠透析治疗,对比2组肝功能及并发症发生情况,并记录2组生存率。结果观察组患者谷丙转氨酶(ATL)、总胆红素(TBil)水平均低于对照组患者,而胆碱酯酶(CHE)、血浆白蛋白(ALB)水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者并发症发生率低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者生存率高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药结肠透析治疗慢性重型肝炎患者疗效显著,可有效改善患者肝功能,并明显降低其并发症发生率,提高患者生存率,值得在临床应用。     

Laparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8 using the outer-Laennec approach

BackgroundLaparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8 is a difficult and technically demanding procedure owing to exposure of two major hepatic veins. To safely and accurately perform this procedure, the outer-Laennec approach was developed (Kiguchi et al., 2019) [1], which is based on the structure of Laennec's capsule (Sugioka et al., 2017; Laennec, 1802; Hayashi et al., 2008) [2,3,4]. The capsule comprises two layers: the hepatic and cardiac Laennec's capsules surrounding the major hepatic vein (Kiguchi et al., 2019) [1]. The outer-Laennec approach maintains the strength of the hepatic vein wall, preserving the two layers of Laennec's capsule. We describe a laparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8 using the outer-Laennec approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsParenchymal transection was initiated to expose the root of the middle hepatic vein and right hepatic vein with the cranio-caudal view. The space between the hepatic Laennec's capsule and liver parenchyma was invaded using the outer-Laennec approach. The cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator was used from the root side toward the peripheral side to retain the hepatic Laennec's capsule on the vein wall and avoid splitting the bifurcation of the hepatic vein. The parenchymal dissection process was completed by an S8 Glissonean pedicle dissection.ResultsThe operative time was 296 min, and the estimated blood loss was 10 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. A pathological examination confirmed that the 2.0-cm mass was HCC with negative margins.ConclusionThe outer-Laennec approach is feasible and useful to standardize the safe laparoscopic anatomic segmentectomy 8.     

急诊胃镜下套扎术、硬化术和组织胶注射术治疗食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血效果分析

目的探讨急诊胃镜下套扎术(EVL)、硬化术(EIS)和组织胶注射术(HI)在食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血治疗中的有效性和安全性,以及不同止血方法的合理选择。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月北京世纪坛医院和解放军总医院第五医学中心急诊胃镜止血治疗的肝硬化食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血患者共1264例,按照急诊胃镜下不同止血方法进行分组,比较EVL组、EIS组、HI组间的操作成功率、止血成功率、早期再出血率及术后并发症;依据出血位置进行再分类,比较不同出血部位不同止血方法的止血成功率。计量资料3组间比较采用方差分析,计数资料3组间比较采用χ2检验。结果不同止血方法组间操作成功率差异显著(χ2=75.01,P<0.05),EIS、HI操作成功率明显高于EVL,EIS高于HI(P值均<0.05)。不同止血方法组间止血成功率差异显著(χ2=9.885,P<0.05),HI止血成功率高于EVL及EIS(P值均<0.05)。不同组间术后早期再出血率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.290,P=0.865)。不同组间术后并发症比较,术后误吸并发肺炎、发热、胸骨后不适差异显著(χ2值分别为19.08、23.94、19.56,P值均<0.05);EVL术后误吸并发肺炎的发生率高于EIS、HI,HI术后发热比例高于EVL、EIS,EVL、HI术后胸骨后不适发生率高于EIS,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。食管胃交界线(EGJ)线上1~5 cm内EIS、EVL止血成功率高;EGJ线上1 cm至线下2 cm内EIS与HI止血成功率无明显差异;EGJ线下2~5 cm内HI止血成功率高。结论EVL、EIS、HI为治疗食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血有效方法,依据出血位置合理选择止血方法可提高止血疗效。     

Depacked patients who underwent a shortened perihepatic packing for severe blunt liver trauma have a high survival rate: 20 years of experience in a level I trauma center

IntroductionNon-operative management is currently the preferred approach in blunt liver trauma, including high grade liver lesions. However, hemodynamic instability imposes the need for an emergency laparotomy, with a perihepatic packing (PHP) to control liver bleeding in most cases. Our retrospective study aimed to assess the outcomes of liver trauma patients who underwent a shortened PHP.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent PHP for blunt liver trauma from 1998 to 2019 in our Level I trauma center were included in the study. Unstable patients with severe liver trauma were transferred to the operating room without any delay, and a collective decision was made to perform abbreviated laparotomy to pack the liver. Demographics, perioperative data, postoperative outcomes, and mortality were retrospectively collected, and survivors and deceased patients were compared with a paired t-test.ResultsFifty-nine patients of 206 patients admitted with severe liver injuries were treated with shortened PHP. Thirty-four (57.6%) patients died, including 26 (76.5%) within the first 24 h. Twelve (20.3%) patients had a selective hepatic embolization and eight (13.6%) had an extrahepatic embolization. Forty-eight patients had an extra abdominal associated injury. This was not a predictive factor of mortality. The removal of packing was performed in 24 patients within 72 h after laparotomy, with an 80% survival rate in these patients.ConclusionShortened PHP is an effective strategy for controlling liver bleeding in severe hepatic trauma. The mortality rate of these patients is high, but after the removal of packing, the survival is good.     

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

1. Download : Download high-res image (281KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of non-operative management in patients with high grade liver injury

IntroductionThe liver is the most frequently damaged organ in blunt abdominal trauma. It is widely accepted that hemodynamically stable patients with low-grade liver trauma should be treated with non-operative management, however there is controversy surrounding its safety and efficacy in high-grade trauma. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of non-operative management in patients with high-grade liver trauma.MethodsPubMed and reference lists of PubMed articles were searched to find studies that examined the efficacy of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury patients, and compare it to operative management. Non-operative management was considered successful if rescue surgery was avoided. Outcomes considered were success, mortality, and complication rates.ResultsThe electronic search revealed 2662 records, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. All 8 studies contained results suggesting that non-operative management was safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver trauma. By combining the outcomes of the different studies, non-operative management had a high success rate of 92.4% (194/210) in high-grade liver trauma patients, which was near the overall 95.0% non-operative management success rate. Non-operative management also had mortality and complication rates of 4.6% (9/194) and 9.7% (7/72) in high-grade injury patients, respectively, compared to operative management's 17.6% (26/148) and 45.5% (5/11).ConclusionNon-operative management of liver trauma is safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver injury. It is associated with significantly lower mortality compared with operative management. More studies are required to evaluate complications of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury.     

针刺结合香附汤加减治疗围绝经期失眠肝郁气滞证的临床研究

评价针刺联合香附汤加减治疗围绝经期失眠肝郁气滞证的疗效及安全性。将120例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,各60例,分别给予艾司唑仑片、针刺结合香附汤加减,疗程均为16周。比较2组患者治疗前后爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS),匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和中医症状评分;采用多导睡眠监测仪监测睡眠进程和睡眠结构;检测血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡激素(FSH)和雌二醇(E2)的含量;观察2组临床疗效和不良反应发生率。研究期间脱落4例。治疗组总有效率91.5%,高于对照组的75.4%(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组临床症状(ESS、PSQI、HAMA和中医症状)评分均明显降低(P<0.05),且较对照组降低更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组睡眠总时间(TST)和睡眠维持率(SE)升高(P<0.05);觉醒时间(AWT),睡眠潜伏期(SL),觉醒次数(AT)降低(P<0.05),且较对照组改善更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组S1降低(P<0.05),S2,S3+4和快速眼动睡眠期(REM)升高(P<0.05),且较对照组改善更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组LH和FSH含量明显降低(P<0.05),E2含量明显升高(P<0.05),且较对照组改变更为明显(P<0.05)。对照组总不良反应发生率8.8%,明显高于治疗组的1.7%(P<0.05)。结果表明针刺联合香附汤加减可明显改善围绝经期失眠肝郁气滞证患者的睡眠状况,不良反应发生率低。     

基于病证结合的肝硬化诊治理论探讨与临床实践

肝硬化病因多种、病情复杂,目前单纯的中医或西医方法均不足以满足临床需求,需要中西医结合,以提高临床疗效。肝硬化的病证结合诊治是中西医结合的具体体现,诊断上宜据病分证,即依据西医病名,明确肝硬化的病因分类、程度分期及其并发证等,而后根据主症表现而中医辨证分型。我们发现肝硬化的中医证型与疾病分期有关,可进一步研究分期辨证与据因辨证的中医证候特征。治疗上,当中西结合、优势互补,我们观察证实西医病因治疗与中医辨证治疗相结合,可提高肝硬化疗效。但需注意具体病因肝硬化的病证结合治疗策略,如中西药物序贯或同时治疗,更要强调研究过程的规范性与疗效评价的可靠性。以优化疗效显著、宜于推广的肝硬化中西医结合诊疗方案,发现中医药的特色优势作用,促进提高肝硬化的诊疗水平。